PHP Tutorial

📜 PHP If-Else Statement

The if-else statement is used in PHP to perform conditional operations. It helps in making decisions in your code. Based on the given condition, it either executes the code block inside the `if` statement or the `else` block.

👨‍💻 Basic Syntax of If-Else

<?php
  if (condition) {
      // Code to execute if condition is true
  } else {
      // Code to execute if condition is false
  }
?>
  

In the basic structure:

• The if block will run if the condition is true.
• The else block will run if the condition is false.

📝 Example 1: Simple If-Else Statement

<?php
  $x = 10;
  
  if ($x > 5) {
      echo "x is greater than 5";
  } else {
      echo "x is not greater than 5";
  }
?>
  

In this example:

• The condition checks if $x is greater than 5. Since $x is 10, the result will be: "x is greater than 5".

📌 Example 2: If-Else with Else-If Statement

If you need more than two conditions, use else-if to check multiple conditions in a chain. This helps when you have more than two possible outcomes.

<?php
  $x = 15;
  
  if ($x > 20) {
      echo "x is greater than 20";
  } elseif ($x == 15) {
      echo "x is equal to 15";
  } else {
      echo "x is less than or equal to 10";
  }
?>
  

Here:

• The condition checks if $x is greater than 20, which it isn't. Then, it checks if $x is equal to 15, which is true, so it prints: "x is equal to 15".

🔄 Multiple Conditions with Logical Operators

You can also combine multiple conditions in an if-else statement using logical operators like AND (&&) and OR (||).

<?php
  $x = 10;
  $y = 20;
  
  if ($x == 10 && $y == 20) {
      echo "Both conditions are true.";
  } elseif ($x == 10 || $y == 25) {
      echo "One condition is true.";
  } else {
      echo "Neither condition is true.";
  }
?>
  

In this example:

• The && (AND) operator ensures both conditions must be true to execute the first block.
• The || (OR) operator checks if at least one condition is true.

🌐 Nested If-Else Statements

Sometimes, you need to check multiple conditions within each other. This is called nesting if-else statements.

<?php
  $x = 10;
  
  if ($x > 5) {
      if ($x < 15) {
          echo "x is greater than 5 and less than 15.";
      } else {
          echo "x is greater than 15.";
      }
  } else {
      echo "x is 5 or less.";
  }
?>
  

In this example:

• We check if $x is greater than 5 first. Then, inside that condition, we check if $x is less than 15.

✅ Key Takeaways:

• The if-else statement helps execute code based on a given condition.
• Use elseif to check multiple conditions and else for the default case.
• Logical operators (AND && and OR ||) can be used to combine conditions.
• Nested if-else statements allow you to check conditions within conditions.

Now you're ready to make decisions in your PHP programs using if-else statements! 🎉