CHASH Tutorial

C# ACCESS MODIFIERS

Access Modifiers in C#

Access modifiers in C# define the visibility and scope of classes, methods, variables, and other members. They help protect data and enforce encapsulation.

🔐 Why use access modifiers?
To control who can access what part of your code. This improves security, structure, and reduces bugs.

Types of Access Modifiers

Modifier	Description
`public`	Accessible from anywhere (inside or outside the class/project)
`private`	Accessible only within the same class
`protected`	Accessible within the class and by derived classes
`internal`	Accessible only within the same assembly (project)
`protected internal`	Accessible in the same assembly and from derived classes in other assemblies
`private protected`	Accessible within the same class and derived classes in the same assembly

Example: Access Modifiers in Action

class Car
{
    public string brand = "Toyota";        // Can be accessed from anywhere
    private string model = "Fortuner";     // Can only be accessed inside Car
    protected int speed = 100;             // Accessible in derived classes
    internal string fuel = "Diesel";       // Accessible only within this project
}

Usage in Derived Class

class SUV : Car
{
    public void Display()
    {
        Console.WriteLine(brand);  // ✅ Accessible (public)
        // Console.WriteLine(model); ❌ Not accessible (private)
        Console.WriteLine(speed);  // ✅ Accessible (protected)
    }
}

✅ Best Practice Tip: Use private or protected by default and increase visibility only when required. This keeps your code safe and maintainable.

Quick Summary

public: Everywhere
private: Inside the class only
protected: Inside the class and its children
internal: Same assembly/project
protected internal: Same project + children in other projects
private protected: Same class + derived in same project

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