CHASH Tutorial

C# Abstraction

Abstraction in C# is the concept of hiding complex implementation details and showing only the essential features of an object. It helps reduce programming complexity and effort.

How to Achieve Abstraction in C#?

• Abstract Classes
• Interfaces

1. Using Abstract Classes

An abstract class cannot be instantiated. It can contain abstract methods (no body) and non-abstract methods (with body).

abstract class Animal
{
    public abstract void MakeSound();  // Abstract method

    public void Sleep()                // Regular method
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Sleeping...");
    }
}

class Dog : Animal
{
    public override void MakeSound()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Bark!");
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Dog d = new Dog();
        d.MakeSound();  // Output: Bark!
        d.Sleep();      // Output: Sleeping...
    }
}
  

2. Using Interfaces

An interface is like a contract. It defines methods without implementing them. A class that implements the interface must define all its members.

interface IShape
{
    void Draw();
}

class Circle : IShape
{
    public void Draw()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Drawing Circle");
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        IShape shape = new Circle();
        shape.Draw();  // Output: Drawing Circle
    }
}
  

Real-World Analogy

Why Use Abstraction?

• Reduces code complexity
• Improves security by exposing only necessary features
• Helps in implementing real-world systems efficiently
• Promotes code reusability