PYTHON Tutorial

📜 Sets in Python

A set in Python is an unordered collection of unique elements. It is similar to a list, but it does not allow duplicate values. Sets are useful when you need to store multiple values without caring about the order and without allowing duplicates.

🔸 Creating a Set

A set is created by placing elements inside curly braces, or by using the set() function.

# Creating a Set
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
print(fruits)
# Output: {'apple', 'banana', 'cherry'}
  

🔸 Set Properties

- A set is unordered, meaning the elements have no defined order. - A set does not allow duplicate elements. If you try to add a duplicate element, it will be ignored. - Sets are mutable, meaning you can add or remove elements.

🔸 Adding Elements to a Set

You can add elements to a set using the add() method.

# Adding Elements to a Set
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
fruits.add("orange")
print(fruits)
# Output: {'apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange'}
  

🔸 Removing Elements from a Set

You can remove elements from a set using the remove() or discard() methods. - remove(): Removes an element from the set, but raises a KeyError if the element is not found. - discard(): Removes an element from the set, but does not raise an error if the element is not found.

# Removing Elements from a Set
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange"}
fruits.remove("banana")  # Removes 'banana'
print(fruits)
# Output: {'apple', 'cherry', 'orange'}

# Discarding an Element
fruits.discard("mango")  # Does not raise an error if 'mango' is not present
  

🔸 Set Operations

Python sets support several operations like union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference.

Union

# Union of Sets
set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {3, 4, 5}
union_set = set1 | set2  # or set1.union(set2)
print(union_set)
# Output: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
  

Intersection

# Intersection of Sets
set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {3, 4, 5}
intersection_set = set1 & set2  # or set1.intersection(set2)
print(intersection_set)
# Output: {3}
  

Difference

# Difference of Sets
set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {3, 4, 5}
difference_set = set1 - set2  # or set1.difference(set2)
print(difference_set)
# Output: {1, 2}
  

Symmetric Difference

# Symmetric Difference of Sets
set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {3, 4, 5}
symmetric_diff_set = set1 ^ set2  # or set1.symmetric_difference(set2)
print(symmetric_diff_set)
# Output: {1, 2, 4, 5}
  

🔸 Set Membership

You can check if an element exists in a set using the in keyword.

# Set Membership
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
print("banana" in fruits)  # Output: True
print("orange" in fruits)  # Output: False
  

🔸 Set Length

You can find the length of a set using the len() function.

# Set Length
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
print(len(fruits))  # Output: 3