R Tutorial

Syntax in R

R syntax is straightforward and easy to learn. Below are some fundamental concepts to help you write R code correctly.

📝 Comments

Use the # symbol to add comments in your R code. Comments are ignored when the code runs.

# This is a comment in R
print("Hello, world!")  # This prints a message
  

📦 Variables and Assignment

Assign values to variables using the arrow operator <- or the equals sign =. The arrow is preferred in R.

x <- 5       # Assign 5 to x
y = 10       # Also valid, but less common
print(x + y) # Output: 15
  

🔤 Data Types

R has several basic data types:

• numeric — numbers (e.g., 5, 3.14)
• character — text strings (e.g., "Hello")
• logical — TRUE or FALSE values
• integer — whole numbers (e.g., 1L, 10L)

➕ Arithmetic Operations

Basic arithmetic operators in R include:

• + Addition
• - Subtraction
• * Multiplication
• / Division
• ^ Exponentiation (power)
• %% Modulus (remainder)

📏 Example Code

# Variables and arithmetic
a <- 7
b <- 3

sum <- a + b
diff <- a - b
prod <- a * b
quot <- a / b
power <- a ^ b
mod <- a %% b

print(sum)    # 10
print(diff)   # 4
print(prod)   # 21
print(quot)   # 2.333333
print(power)  # 343
print(mod)    # 1
  

✅ Important Points

• Statements in R usually end with a newline or a semicolon ;.
• R is case sensitive: Var and var are different.
• Use functions like print() to output results.